Measurement, the process of relating numbers to physical quantities and phenomena. Measurement is fundamental to science; in engineering, construction and other technical fields; And for almost all daily activities. For this reason, the elements, conditions, limitations and theoretical foundations of measurement have been extensively studied. See also Measurement system for a comparison of different systems and the history of their development.
Measurements can be made by the unaided human senses, in which case they are often called approximations, or more commonly, by the use of instruments, ranging from simple principles of length measurement to the detection and measurement of quantities. Even the most sophisticated systems designed to do Completely beyond the capabilities of the senses, such as radio waves from a distant star or the magnetic moment of a subatomic particle. (See Instrumentation.)
Measurement begins with the definition of the quantity to be measured, and always involves a comparison with some known quantity of the same kind. If the object or quantity being measured is not accessible for direct comparison, it is converted or “translated” into an analogous measurement signal. Since measurement always involves some interaction between the object and the observer or observing instrument, there is always an exchange of energy, which, although negligible in everyday use, is significant in some types of measurement. may occur and thus limit accuracy.
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