An antibiotic was originally a material created by one microorganism that selectively inhibits another’s development. Since then, synthetic antibiotics have been developed that perform comparable tasks, typically chemically similar to natural antibiotics. There are no effects of antibiotics on viral infections.
Antibiotics are antibiotics that help stop bacteria-caused infections. By destroying the bacteria or preventing them from cloning themselves or reproducing, they do this. The word antibiotic means “against life.” Literally, any medicine that destroys germs in your body is an antibiotic.
What are Antibiotics?
A chemical material produced by a living organism, normally a microorganism, which is harmful to other microorganisms. Antibiotics are typically developed by soil microorganisms and are likely to be a means by which organisms regulate the growth of competing microorganisms in complex environments, such as soil.
In 1926, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, a compound that seemed to be able to suppress bacterial growth produced by fungi. Edward Chain and Howard Florey further studied penicillin in 1939 and subsequently performed penicillin studies on humans (with what were considered fatal bacterial infections). For their work that ushered in the antibiotic age, Fleming, Florey and Chain shared the Nobel Prize in 1945.
Classification of antibiotics with examples
Antibiotics that contain chemical molecules original to the microorganism but are further modified are called semi-synthetics – for example, Penicillin V. Those made entirely in the laboratory are called synthetic drugs e.g. Cephalosporins.
Antibiotics are further classified according to the susceptible bacteria they are effective against or their antibacterial spectrum. Some drugs, called broad-spectrum antibiotics, have a wide range of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. With broad-spectrum antibiotics it is possible to eliminate the pathogen without first having to perform laboratory tests to identify the exact pathogen involved, so that treatment is administered to identify the exact pathogen involved. Other antibiotics are called narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
Classification List of Antibiotics
Although there are many antibiotic classification schemes based on bacterial continuity (broad vs. narrow) or route of administration (injectable vs. oral vs. topical) or type of action (bactericidal vs. bacteriostatic), chemical structure is the most useful. Antibiotics will generally exhibit similar trends in potency, toxicity, and allergenic potential within a systemic class.
- Penicillin:
Penicillin V is an antibiotic in the penicillin group of drugs that helps fight bacteria in the body’s system. Penicillin is used to treat many types of infections caused by bacteria, one example of which is an ear infection. During the active replication phase, penicillin G is bactericidal against penicillin-susceptible microorganisms. It works by inhibiting cell wall mucopeptide biosynthesis. It is not active against penicillinase-producing bacteria, including many staphylococcal strains. - Cephalosporins:
In rich countries, cephalosporin antibiotics have been a major part of the antibiotic formulation for hospitals. Every day, they are recommended for a large range of infections. Their undoubted success lies in the low risks of allergens and toxicity, as well as the wide variety of sports they focus on. However, it is the above characteristic that allows selecting microorganisms that are immune to these agents. - Fluoroquinolones:
Fluoroquinolones are approved antibiotics for serious, life-threatening bacterial infections. As with all antibiotic products, official guidelines regarding the correct use of antibacterial agents should be taken into account. - Tetracycline:
Tetracycline is commonly used to treat acne and many skin infections and respiratory tract infections, it is also effective in treating urinary tract infections. Since the 1950s, tetracyclines have been used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. In addition to being effective against common bacteria, tetracyclines have been used to treat infections with intracellular chlamydia, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, and protozoan parasites. - Macrolides:
Macrolides are often indicated for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia because of their action against multiple causative organisms. However, microbial resistance is becoming increasingly common. Macrolides have also been used to treat sexually transmitted infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Macrolides are also used for skin and soft tissue infections caused by staphylococci, Propionobacter acnes.
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